Thermomechanical behavior of underfill/solder mask/substrate interface under thermal cycling

With the increasing application of flip-chip technology in the microelectronics industry, the adhesion strength of interfaces in flip-chip microelectronic structures has become an important issue for manufacturing and operation. In this paper we present an experimental investigation of the adhesive strength of underfill material to solder mask coated FR-4 substrate under thermal cycling. The effects of the number of thermal cycles on interfacial strength were investigated by using the button shear test. The relationship between interfacial strength and the thickness of solder mask was also examined. Furthermore, the morphologies of fracture surfaces of the test specimens were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The results of this study show that the interfacial strength of the underfill/solder mask/substrate joint was significantly reduced by thermal fatigue. Finally, the degradation behavior and possible mechanisms were then determined on the basis of these observations.     

一种岩石概率型本构及其应用

在岩石材料非均匀特性的基础上，建立了弹塑性概率材料本构．认为材料单元的切线模量与破坏强度都是服从二参数Weibull分布的随机量，通过用户材料子程序将该本构导入到LS—DYNA3D中，推导了程序流程，分析了导入过程中的关键技术．算例验证表明，应用该本构模拟得出的现象与实验观测完全一致，这是确定性本构无法实现的．     

鼓膜法测定纳米多孔氧化铝薄膜的弹性模量

本文的多孔氧化铝薄膜含有直径均一、互相平行且与表面垂直的有序纳米孔阵列。它有广阔的应用前景。多孔氧化铝膜与氧化铝陶瓷材料的宏观力学性能有很大的区别。本文用鼓膜法结合实时电子散斑干涉(ESPI)技术，测量薄膜压力与离面位移的关系，再用周边固支平板小挠度模型计算出多孔氧化铝薄膜的宏观弹性模量。本实验中厚76微米的多孔氧化铝薄膜的宏观弹性模量为32.5GPa，比热压氧化铝陶瓷的弹性模量几乎小一个数量级，主要是由于晶相和细观结构不同造成的。这种方法较适合测量此类结构薄膜的力学性能。     

双轴速率位置台全数字化控制系统实现

讨论了一种适用于双轴测试转台的全数字化控制系统结构。该系统采用了多单片机并行实现的主从分布式控制方法，不仅大大简化了系统硬件设计，提高了可靠性；而且其控制器完全由软件来实现，易于实现模拟电路难以实现的复杂的控制规律；同时也为在不改变硬件的前提下进一步扩展系统功能，改善系统的动、静特性提供了基础。实验表明，文中提出的全数字化控制系统结构完全能满足双轴测试转台的控制需要。     

添加剂与铝合金的相互作用研究 Ⅰ.静态反应膜及油润滑下的摩擦学性能

静态下分别于２５℃，９０℃及１８０℃下进行硫化异丁烯（ＳＯ）、亚磷酸二正丁酯（ＤＢＰ）、ＳＯ＋ＤＢＰ的混合物（质量比２０∶１）、二烷基二硫代磷酸锌（ＺＤＤＰ）及十二酸（ＬＡ）５种添加剂均以质量分数为２％的比例添加到液体石蜡（ＬＰ）中与铝合金进行油浸试验．用动－静摩擦系数精密测定仪评价了在铝合金表面上所形成的静态反应膜的摩擦磨损行为，并考察了上述添加剂在ＬＰ中对铝合金－钢摩擦副的润滑作用．结果表明：静态反应膜的摩擦磨损行为与添加剂的化学活性密切相关，其中ＤＢＰ最易与铝合金发生反应，故其反应膜具有最低的摩擦系数和最长的耐磨寿命；ＺＤＤＰ在１８０℃下的静态反应膜具有较低的摩擦系数和较长的耐磨寿命；ＳＯ、ＳＯ与ＤＢＰ的混合物及ＬＡ的静态反应膜则不具有减摩抗磨性能，预示这些添加剂在ＬＰ中不与铝合金发生较强的化学作用．含上述添加剂的ＬＰ润滑下的摩擦磨损试验显示，ＤＢＰ与ＺＤＤＰ具有较好的摩擦学性能．这表明添加剂在铝合金表面静态反应膜的摩擦磨损试验结果与其在常规润滑下的具有较好的相关性．     

精密角接触球轴承的固体润滑失效分析

角接触球轴承是航天器的许多重要功能的实施部件，因而对其润滑性能的要求极为严格，迫切需要弄清其润滑失效机理。因此，对ＭｏＳ２溅射膜润滑的Ｃ６２０５球轴承进行了寿命试验，进而对经过丙酮超声清洗的各元件工作面的形貌和组成作了系统分析。     

Diffuse mode bifurcation of soil causing convection-like shear investigated by group-theoretic image analysis

Diffuse mode bifurcation of soil under plane-strain compression test is shown, by means of an image analysis based on group-theoretic bifurcation theory, to trigger convection-like shear and to precede shear band formation. First digital photos of Toyoura sand specimens are processed by PIV (particle image velocimetry) to gather digitized images of deformation. Next bifurcation from a uniform state is detected by expanding these images into the double Fourier series and finding a predominant harmonic diffuse bifurcation mode based on that theory. This harmonic bifurcation mode, which is the mixture of a few harmonic functions, expresses complex convection-like shear. Last bifurcation from a non-uniform state is detected by decomposing each image into a few images with different symmetries to extract non-harmonic diffuse bifurcation modes. Diffuse modes of bifurcation, which hitherto were hidden behind predominant uniform compressive deformation, have thus been made transparent by virtue of the group-theoretic image analysis proposed. A possible course of deformation suggested herein is the evolution of diffuse mode bifurcation with a convection-like bifurcation mode breaking uniformity and symmetry, followed by the formation of shear bands through localization.     

基于界面端奇异性理论的单纤维拔出试验的试件设计

在单纤维拔出试验中，由于试件的界面端存在应力奇异性，这使试验所得到的界面剪切强度数据失去合理性[1]。但从文献[1]关于微珠脱粘试验研究的结论中可以发现当基体的楔形角小于某临界角度后，微珠试件界面端应力奇异性几乎消失。由此启发我们设计出一种楔形角小于该纤维／基体系统临界角的锥面的拔出试件，这样即可以防止出现传统拔出试件在界面端的强应力奇异性，又可以避免微珠脱粘试验自身的缺陷。界面端具有任意楔形角的轴对称模型被用于分析和确定纤维／基体系统的临界角，对方程进行渐近展开和分离变量处理，根据边界条件可以得到关于特征值λ的特征方程，针对确定的纤维／基体系统可以得到特征值和楔形角的关系曲线，我们把应力奇异性指数等于-0．005时所对应的楔形角定义为临界角，以及根据临界角设计锥面拔出试件的方法。     

从自由试验提取约束结构模态

已有的“从自由试验提取约束结构模态”的动柔度法，仅适用于刚性支承情况．在工程中，弹性支承状态是常见的，为此，建立了这一情况下的提取方法．该方法具有普遍性，因为当支承刚度很大时，可得到刚性支承下的结果；当支承刚度很小时，便可获得工程中用橡皮绳悬吊结构后所测得的自由-自由试验模态．总之，当支承刚度为任何值时，用此方法都能提取到相应约束结构的满意试验模态参数．表明该算法是非常稳定的，对于工程应用至关重要．     

A PREDICTIVE APPROACH TO THE IN-PLANE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF STITCHED COMPOSITE LAMINATES

This contribution attempts to model the alteration of the in-plane elastic properties in laminates caused by stitching,and to predict the in-plane effective tensile strength of the stitched composite laminates.The distortion of in-plane fibers is considered to be the main cause that affects the in-plane mechanical properties.A fiber distortion model is proposed to characterize the fiber misalignment and the fiber content concentration due to stitching.The undistorted region,the fiber distortion region,the resin-rich pocket and the through-thickness reinforcement section are taken into account.The fiber misalignment and inhomogeneous fiber content due to stitching have been formulated by introducing two parameters,the distortion width and maximum misalignment.It has been found that the ply stress concentration in stitched laminates is influenced by the two concurrent factors,the stitch hole and inhomogeneous fiber content.The stitch hole brings about the stress concentration whereas the higher fiber content at the local region induced by stitching restrains the local deformation of the composite.The model is used to predict the tensile strength of the [0/45/0/-45/90/45/0/-45]_(2s) T300/QY9512 composite laminate stitched by Kevlar 29 yarn with different stitching configurations,showing an acceptable agreement with experimental data.